History of the Development of Science in the Umayyad Age
MuslimCreed | Do you understand that the progress of a nation has always been indicated by progress in the fields of science and culture. It is recorded in history that during the reign of the Umayyad caliphs this matter was tested, both during the Umayyad Daulah in Damascus (661-750 M) or the Umayyad Daulah in Andalusia or Spain (756-1031 M).
Damascus (currently the capital city of Syria) is a historical witness to how advanced civilization and science was at that time. In the city of Damascus, many beautiful buildings were erected. The area around the city is also formed with a very orderly city plan. There are also made city parks that are beautiful, safe, and pleasing to the eye. The streets are planted with shady trees, the rivers are also made so neat, clean and orderly.
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This proves that at that time the Muslim community had faced a very advanced scientific and cultural growth. In this city also formed a very magnificent and beautiful mosque by an architect named Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah. The city of Damascus is also popular as a student city, at that time the number of schools in Damascus has reached 20 schools, several large library parks have also been established to support the development of science. Among these learning institutions are medical schools and hospitals. Once in that era this kind of progress was a remarkable achievement.
The existence of the Umayyad Daulah in Andalusia (Spain) also did not want to lose to the Umayyad Daulah period in Damascus. The Umayyad Caliphate in Spain made Cordoba the capital city. The city of Cordoba is a center of knowledge. In this city the University of Cordoba was founded, this university has a library park with a collection of novels reaching 400,000 titles. So useful dimensions at that time, this matter is a progress that is second to none in the world.
With such progress, Cordoba became an inspiration for western scientists and writers. By historians, the progress of Cordoba in Spain during the era of the Umayyad government is said to be the forerunner of the carriers of the progress of the western nation in the future.
Well, let's think about the Muslims at that time had become the pioneers of world progress because of their persistence in improving science and culture. So, it is very unfortunate if the Muslim youth today are lazy to study and weak.
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1. The Umayyad State in Damascus( 661-750 )
In the past, the Umayyads stood for 90 years (40-132 H/661-750 ). Its founder was named Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan bin Harb bin Umayyah. The Umayyad State made Damascus the center of its government. As the founder of the Umayyad State, Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan became the first caliph.
2. The Umayyad State in Andalusia( 756-1031)
The rule of the Umayyad State in Damascus ended in 750, the caliphate moved into the hands of the Abbasids. However, one of the Umayyad successors, Abdurrahman Addakhil, was able to escape in 755. He was able to escape the pursuit of the Abbasid troops and enter Andalusia (Spain). In Spain most Muslims are still loyal to the Umayyad. He then established his own government and appointed himself as amir (leader) with the center of power in Cordoba.
3. The growth of science during the Umayyad era
a. Chemistry
b. Medical science
c. History
d. Linguistics and literature
4. The development of culture during the Umayyad era
a. Architecture
b. Military organization
c. Trading
d. Craft
Well, by now surely you will know, right? If the progress achieved by the Umayyads was none other than the spirit of Muslims in exploring and improving knowledge. By studying the history of the growth of science, it is hoped that it can share the influence on our morals in everyday life.