Adultery is an act of sexual intercourse between a woman and a man who is not a mahram (not a halal partner). In Islam, it forbids its people to approach adultery, because adultery is one of the major sins that can bring a painful torment for the perpetrator.
Not only brings great sin, adultery can also cause other harm such as sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, Allah SWT strictly forbids His servants to approach adultery. This prohibition is stated in the Qur'an Surah Al-Isra verse 32.
The Definition of Adultery According to Madhab
Here are other opinions regarding the meaning of adultery according to the madhhab or the opinion of the priest, including:
Al-Hanafiyah School
The Al-Hanafiyah School says that the definition of adultery is sexual intercourse carried out by a man to a woman on her genitals, who is not a slave woman and is not a doubtful contract. This definition confirms the criteria for adultery to be carried out by both men and women. If a man does it with the same sex or a woman with the same sex, then it is not included in the criteria for adultery, even though it is still a sin.
Al-Malikiyah School
Mazhab Al-Malikiyah defines the notion of adultery as sexual intercourse carried out by a Muslim mukallaf to a faraj adami (human), who is not his slave, without any doubts and done intentionally. This definition explains that if there is no sexual intercourse such as fornication, it does not include adultery, although it is still forbidden. The meaning carried out by a mukallaf means a person who has reached puberty. So if the perpetrator is a madman or a small child, then it is not considered adultery.
The Ash-Shafi'iyah School
The Asy-Shafi'iyah School provides a definition of the meaning of adultery is the entry of the tip of the male genitalia even though part of it is into the female genitalia which is unlawful, in a state of natural lust without doubt. Asy-Syairazi from the Ash-Shafi'iyah school defines adultery as sexual intercourse carried out by a man from the population of Darul Islam to a woman who is unlawful for him, namely without a marriage contract or a syibhu contract or a female slave owned, in a state of understanding. , can choose and know the prohibition.
Al Hanabilah School
The definition of adultery from the Al-Hanabilah school of thought is the loss of the hasyafah of the penis of a man who has reached puberty and has reason to enter one of the two holes of a woman, where there is no ishmah relationship between the two or syubhah.
The following are the types of adultery in Islam that are important for you to know, including:
1. Zina Al-Laman
The first type of adultery is the adultery of Al-Laman. This type of adultery can occur only through the five senses. Zina Al-Laman itself is further divided into several types of adultery based on the category. Here are some types of adultery Al-Laman, namely:
a. Zina ain
It is adultery committed by the eyes when someone looks at the opposite sex with feelings of pleasure or lust.
b. Zina qalbi
It is adultery committed by the heart, namely when thinking or imagining the opposite sex with feelings of pleasure and happiness.
c. Oral adultery
Is adultery committed by word of mouth or speech when talking about the opposite sex followed by feelings of pleasure.
d. Adultery of the hand (yadin)
It is adultery committed by the hands. This occurs when a person intentionally touches the body of the opposite sex followed by feelings of pleasure, happiness or full of lust.
2. Zina Mohsan
The next type of adultery is adultery muhsan. This adultery occurs when a married couple commits an affair, such as having sexual relations, with someone who is not their partner. In addition to sinning, this type of adultery also has the potential to cause danger in the form of venereal disease. Therefore, avoid adultery and have sexual relations only with your religiously legitimate partner.
3. Zina Gairu Muhsan
In contrast to muhsan adultery committed by a legitimate partner, gairu muhsan adultery is a type of adultery committed by people who are not legally married. This type of adultery is often carried out by a pair of lovers who are tempted by the devil's seduction so that they vent their lust and end up committing adultery.
Punishment for Adultery
Islam has regulated all things including punishment for adultery. Punishment for adultery is distinguished according to its types. Namely adultery mukhsan and adultery ghairu mukhsan is adultery that committed by those who are not legal or have never been married. Each is given a different punishment. For adulterers ghairu mukhsan sentenced to 100 lashes and exiled for a year. Meanwhile, mukhsan adulterers are sentenced to stoning.
Meanwhile, the legal status of the adulterous child in the view of Islam is as follows:
- The law remains a child who is fitrah (born in a pure state without sin).
- Keep getting guaranteed entry to heaven with pious people, as long as you also participate in doing righteous deeds as other Muslims do, namely carrying out Allah's commands and staying away from all His prohibitions.
The Danger of Adultery
The following are some of the dangers of adultery for the perpetrators that are important for you to understand, including:
- Getting a big sin and being dumped by Allah SWT.
- Loss of light from his face so it looks dull and gloomy.
- Damaged his dignity and self-esteem in front of Allah SWT and humans.
- Get social sanctions if their actions are known to the public.
- The perpetrator of adultery will be narrowed his heart by Allah SWT so that he is reluctant to do commendable deeds.
- Allah SWT will dump the adulterer and make him never enough for all that he has.
